Korean Family Who Owned Lots of Land Around the Hangang River

River in Republic of korea

For other rivers called Han, see Han River.

Han River
Satellite map of Han River
The Han River System
Etymology	Baekje Hanja, "Hansu" (漢水)[a] [1]
Native name	한강 (Korean)
Location
Country	South Korea (KOR), North korea (PRK)
Provinces	Gangwon (KOR), Gyeonggi (KOR), Seoul (KOR), N Hwanghae (PRK)
Physical characteristics
Source	Taebaek Mountains
• location	Geumdae Peak, Taebaek, Gangwon, South Korea[b] [ii]
Mouth	Yellow Sea
• location	Northwestern tip of Gimpo peninsula, KOR-PRK border[three]
Length	508 km (316 mi)[4]
Bowl size	35,770 km2 (13,810 sq mi)[4]
Discharge
• location	Hangang Bridge, Seoul[c] [five]
• boilerplate	613 miii/s (21,600 cu ft/s)[d] [5]
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Dalcheon, Cheongmicheon, Bokhacheon, Gyeongancheon, Anyangcheon, Ara Culvert †
• right	Seom River, Bukhan River, Jungnangcheon, Gongneungcheon, Rimjin River
† : Distributary of Han

Han river
Hangul	한강
Hanja	漢江
Revised Romanization	Han(-)gang
McCune–Reischauer	Han'gang

The Han River or Hangang (Korean pronunciation: [ha(ː)n.ɡaŋ])^[e] is a major river in South Korea and the fourth longest river on the Korean peninsula later the Amnok (Yalu), Tuman (Tumen), and Nakdong rivers.^[7] The river begins as 2 smaller rivers in the eastern mountains of the Korean peninsula, which then converge near Seoul, the capital of the country.

The Han River and its surrounding area have played an important role in Korean history. The Iii Kingdoms of Korea strove to accept control of this land, where the river was used as a trade route to Red china (via the Yellow Ocean).^[8] The river is no longer actively used for navigation, because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas, barred for archway by whatever civilian.

The river serves every bit a water source for over 12 million South Koreans. In July 2000, the United States military admitted to having dumped toxic chemicals in the river, causing protests.^[9]

The lower stretches of the Han River are lined with pedestrian walkways, bicycle paths, public parks and restaurants, specially in Seoul. In a 2011 survey conducted past Seoul Development Institute of 800 residents and 103 urban planning and architectural experts, 51.three percent of residents and 68.9 percent of experts voted the river the second near breathtaking location in the city, following Mount Namsan in the summit spot.^[10]

Geography [edit]

The Han is formed by the confluence of the Namhan River (South Han River), which originates in Mount Daedeok, and the Bukhan River (N Han River), which originates on the slopes of Kumgang Mountain in Due north Korea. The River flows through Seoul and so merges with the Rimjin River shortly before it flows into the Yellow Sea. The two major branches of the river, the Namhan River and the Bukhan River, come together at Yangpyeong,^[11] Gyeonggi province, at which indicate information technology is referred to as the Han River. It so passes through Seoul and continues on to the Yellow Ocean. Broad tidal flats can be establish at the oral fissure of the Han River, where it meets the bounding main forth the Korean Demilitarized Zone that divides S and North Korea.^[12]

The total length of the Han River is approximately 494 kilometres (307 mi).^{[13] [4]}

Although it is not a long river, the lower Han is remarkably broad for such a relatively short river. Within Seoul city limits, the river is more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide. Prior to the construction of a number of major dams, the river was known for its huge coefficient of river regime (ratio between the maximum and minimum amount of menses) of ane:390. (For comparison, The Thames and the Rhine have coefficients of i:eight and 1:xviii, respectively.)^[xiv]

Name [edit]

The Namhangang (Namhan pregnant "South Han" and gang meaning "river") is sometimes, only not always, referred to equally the "Han" in South Korea. The term "South Han" is understood irrespective of which side of the border i stands.

Even though "Namhan" and "Bukhan" are homophones with the acronyms Namhan ( 남한 ; "Republic of korea") and Bukhan ( 북한 ; "North Korea"), used usually in South Korea, this is a mere coincidence. The hanja for the Han River is not 韓 ("Korea") simply 漢 (Chinese). The reason behind this is because the meaning of the native Korean "han" (한), in this instance pregnant "great" "large" "broad", was transliterated into Hanja with the character 漢 also meant "large", thus showing the reason why the river used the give-and-take 漢 instead of 韓 . It is also easily mistaken with the use of 漢 in Seoul's older name, "漢城" where 漢 does not refer to Chinese people, but refers to the idea of Seoul being the "walled urban center on the Han". As a issue, Koreans rarely use 漢 considering 韓 and 漢 audio the same (han), but the meaning is 韓 (han, 한, "Korean"), non "Han Chinese".

Han River has been chosen by different names through the course of Korean history. During the period of the Han Commanderies on the peninsula and the early part of the three kingdom'due south period the river was often referred to as the Daesu ( 대수; 帶水 ; "the Regional Waters"). The state of Goguryeo called it the Arisu ( 아리수; 阿利水 ; "The Gainful Waters"). Baekje chosen it the Ungniha ( 욱리하; 郁里河 ; "Fragrant Mile River"), while the kingdom of Silla termed it the Iha ( 이하; 泥河 ; "Dirty River").^[15]

History [edit]

The Han River has played a central role in Korean history from the primeval times. The kingdom of Baekje was the beginning to lay claim to the Han River, recognizing its strategic significance every bit a main waterway linking the central western region of the peninsula with the Yellow Body of water. Information technology was also recognized for the river's fertile alluvial banks, a relative rarity on the mountainous peninsula. Pungnaptoseong, located south of Seoul, is posited as an early capital of Baekje. It was not long earlier the region almost the effluence of the Han River with the Xanthous Body of water, effectually present-mean solar day Seoul, became a bone of contention between Baekje and the rising kingdom of Goguryeo. During the reign of its Rex Jangsu (r. 413-491) Goguryeo wrested the western terminus of the Han River from its rival Baekje. The ensuing decades would see a tug-of-state of war over the region until 551 when Baekje, in an alliance with Silla, confirmed its command over the Han River basin. But this alliance was non to final, and in 553 Silla broke its alliance with Baekje to seize command of the entire river every bit function of its bid for domination of the peninsula.^[sixteen]

With the demise of both Baekje and Goguryeo and so the unification of the peninsula under Silla in 668, the Han River entered its long era as a "Korean river", first nether the control of Unified Silla (668-918), and then of the succeeding Goryeo dynasty (918-1392), and finally as office of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). During the Joseon period the Han River achieved new prominence as the master waterway of the new Korean capital of Seoul, then called Hanyang.

Inside the offset week of the showtime of the Korean War the South Korean Regular army destroyed the Hangang Span in a bid to stalk the advance of the invading Due north Korean armed forces. In early on 1951, at that place was a fair amount of fighting between Chinese People'southward Volunteer Ground forces troops and US-led United Nations forces in the Han River area surrounding Seoul (refer to Performance Thunderbolt during the Korean War).

The Han River now belongs largely to the Republic of Korea, or South Korea, with its effluence in the Yellowish Bounding main a few nautical miles from North korea (though some of the river's tributaries are in North Korea). During the first few decades of South korea's existence the Han River became a byword for pollution, as burgeoning manufacture and an impoverished populace used it equally a user-friendly spillway for industrial and urban refuse. Though it no longer plays a central role in commerce or transportation it is a prime number fixture in the life of the Due south Korean capital and in the last decade has become the focus of government sponsored environmental efforts to clean it up and transform it into an ecological jewel of the capital. During the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, the Han River was the site of the Olympic rowing regatta.^[17]

At that place take been fears, such every bit the 1986 Water Panic in Southward Korea, that North Korea could attack Seoul past releasing a overflowing from the upstream dam.^[18]

In July 2000, the U.s.a. military admitted to dumping xx gallons (75.vii liters) of the highly toxic chemical formaldehyde in the river from one of their bases in Seoul. As the river serves as a drinking source for some 12 meg South Koreans, some South Koreans launched big protests and accused the Usa military machine of ignoring South Korea'south environmental regulations. Activists lobbed toy rockets—filled with h2o from the river—into the chief U.s. Army base of operations. The political political party Green Political party Korea had earlier accused the Us of dumping near 60 gallons of the toxic chemic into the river, and said that "... if people are exposed to the chemical for a long catamenia of time, it could cause lung cancer [and when] dissolved into water, it could impale fish and other aquatic creatures."^{[nineteen] [xx]} The events inspired Bong Joon-ho's acclaimed 2006 film The Host.

From 2009 the Lee Myung Bak administration resuscitated a project to dig a canal linking the Han River with the Xanthous Sea at Incheon. This eighteen kilometer Ara Canal was completed in 2012^{[ commendation needed ]} and at present links the Han River most Gimpo in Seoul to Incheon. It tin can adjust both large container and passenger vessels.

Joint Utilization Zone [edit]

On November 4, 2018, a 20-member team consisting of x people from Democratic people's republic of korea and 10 people from S Korea began a joint inter-Korean survey which will pb to the development a Joint Utilization Zone along the Han River's estuary.^{[21] [22]} The Zone will allow civilians to access the estuary for tourism, ecological protection and the collection of structure aggregate under the protection of militaries from both sides of the Korean edge.^{[21] [22]} On November 5, 2018, the councils of Republic of korea'southward Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces, which border the DMZ, signed a "peace working understanding" at Dorasan Station in Paju, giving local approving to the Joint Utilization Zone.^[23] The inter-Korean survey of the Han River's estuary was completed on December nine, 2018.^[24] The new map of the river's estuary, which consists of newly discovered reefs, volition made public by January 25, 2019.^[24]

Tributaries of the Han [edit]

Tributaries are listed in club from the mouth of the Han to the source. Subtributaries are listed accordingly.

• Gongneungcheon (곡능천)
• Najinhacheon (나진하천)
• Changneungcheon (창능천)
• Anyangcheon (안양천)
  • Dorimcheon (도림천)
• Jungnangcheon (중랑천)
  • Cheonggyecheon (청계천)
• Tancheon (탄천)
  • Yangjaecheon (양재천)
  • Yeosucheon (여수천)
  • Bundangcheon (분당천)
  • Pungdeokcheon (풍덕천)
• Gyeongancheon (경안천)
  • Neungwoncheon (능원천)
  • Yangjicheon (양지천)
  • Unhakcheon (운학천)
• Bukhan River (북한강)
  • Munhocheon (문호천)
  • Hongcheon River (홍천강)
    • Sandaecheon (산대천)
    • Deoksancheon (덕산천)
      • Seongjeoncheon (성전천)
    • Yasidaecheon (야시대천)
  • Gapyeongcheon (가평천)
  • Soyang River (소양강)
  • Sanaecheon (사내천)
    • Yongdamcheon (용담천)
  • Magunaemeo (마구내머)
    • Mahyeoncheon (마현천)
    • Bongocheon (봉오천)
• Namhan River (남한강)
  • Sinnaegaeul (신내개울)

    • 

      Heukcheon (흑천)
  • Yongdamcheon (용담천)
  • Bokhacheon (복하천)
    • Jukdangcheon (죽당천)
    • Pyogocheon (표고천)
    • Gwanricheon (관리천)
  • Yanghwacheon (양화천)
  • Geumdangcheon (금당천)
  • Cheongmicheon (청미천)
    • Gyecheon (계천)
      • Ungcheon (웅천)
  • Seom River (섬강)
    • Iricheon (이리천)
  • Mokmicheon (목미천)
  • Hwangsancheon (환산천)
  • Guryoncheon (구룡천)
  • Yeongdeokcheon (영덕천)
  • Daejeoncheon (대전천)
  • Dalcheon (달천)
    • Yodocheon (요도천)
  • Dong River (동강)

Bridges over the lower Han [edit]

A full of 29 bridges cross the Han River in Seoul National Capital Area (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon), South Korea, are,

From the west to the east

Hangang Railway Bridge and Hangang Bridge

• Ilsan Bridge; 일산대교
• Gimpo Span; 김포대교
• Haengju Bridge; 행주대교
• Banghwa Bridge; 방화대교
• Magok Railway Bridge; 마곡철교
• Gayang Bridge; 가양대교
• World Cup Bridge; 월드컵대교
• Seongsan Bridge; 성산대교
• Yanghwa Bridge; 양화대교
• Dangsan Railway Bridge; 당산철교
• Seogang Span; 서강대교
• Mapo Span; 마포대교
• Wonhyo Bridge; 원효대교
• Hangang Railway Bridge; 한강철교
• Hangang Bridge; 한강대교
• Dongjak Span; 동작대교
• Banpo Bridge with Jamsu Span; 반포대교와 잠수교
• Hannam Span; 한남대교
• Dongho Span; 동호대교
• Seongsu Bridge; 성수대교
• Yeongdong Bridge; 영동대교
• Cheongdam Bridge; 청담대교
• Jamsil Bridge; 잠실대교
• Jamsil Railway Bridge; 잠실철교
• Olympic Bridge; 올림픽대교
• Cheonho Span; 천호대교
• Gwangjin Span; 광진교
• Gangdong Bridge; 강동대교
• Paldang Bridge; 팔당대교

Subways crossing Han River [edit]

• Seoul Subway Line 1 (Yongsan~Noryangjin)
• Seoul Subway Line 2 (Gangbyeon~Jamsillaru, Dangsan~Hapjeong)
• Seoul Subway Line three (Oksu~Apgujeong)
• Seoul Subway Line 4 (Ichon~Dongjak)
• Seoul Subway Line 5 (Yeouinaru~Mapo, Gwangnaru~Cheonho)
• Seoul Subway Line vii (Ttukseom Resort~Cheongdam)
• Aerodrome Railroad (Gimpo International Airport~Digital Media Urban center)
• Bundang Line (Apgujeongrodeo~Seoul Wood)

In 2017, Line eight will open to extension that volition cantankerous the Han River.^[25]
In 2022, the Shinbundang Line will cross Han River by a tunnel beneath the riverbed.^[26]

In media [edit]

The Han River features as a location in several movies. Notable films include:

• The Host (2006) in which the Wonhyo Span plays an of import function. It is nearly a monster living along the Han River casting fear amongst the citizens of Seoul past attacking and eating them live.
• Castaway on the Moon (2009) in which Bamseom (Bam island) is the island the main character finds himself stranded on.
• Inchon (1981), which includes the devastation of the Hangang Bridge.

Come across too [edit]

• List of Korea-related topics
• Rivers of Asia
• List of rivers of Korea
• Geography of South korea
• Miracle on the Han River
• Hangang Park
• Han River (Hubei), a unlike river (in China) with the aforementioned name.
• Hàn River (Vietnam), river in Đà Nẵng, Vietnam

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Presumed to be a tranliterated class of aboriginal Korean, "Hangaram" [the big river ; 한가람]
2. ^ Geumdae Peak (1,418.1m, Korean: 금대봉 ; Hanja: 金臺峰 ; RR: Geumdaebong )
3. ^ Discharge average from 2004 to 2013.
4. ^ Discharge average from 2004 to 2013.
5. ^ In the 19th century, the Han was as well known in English sources as the Hang River or Hang Kang.^{[half dozen]}

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ 2013년 한국하천일람 [List of Rivers of South korea, 2013] (PDF) (in Korean). Han River Inundation Command Office, Democracy of Korea. 31 December 2012. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on iv March 2016. Retrieved three July 2014.
2. ^ HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 25, 28.
3. ^ HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 82-83.
4. ^ ^{a b c} HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Car, pp. 22, 25, 33, 82-83.
5. ^ ^{a b} 2014년 1월 월간 수자원 현황 및 전망 [Monthly Condition & Predictions Report on Water Resource, January 2014] (in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. xiii January 2014. p. 3. Archived from the original (HWP) on 15 July 2014. Retrieved fifteen July 2014.
6. ^ EB (1878), p. 390.
7. ^ Shin, Jung-il, "Historic River Flowing through the Korean Peninsula." Koreana (Summertime, 2004), six.
8. ^ Liu, William Guanglin (31 Baronial 2015). The Chinese Market Economy, 1000–1500. ISBN9781438455679.
9. ^ Kirk, Don (15 July 2000). "U.Due south. Dumping Of Chemical Riles Koreans". The New York Times.
10. ^ "Mt. Nam Picked as Seoul'southward No. 1 Breathtaking Allure". Chosun Ilbo. 28 Apr 2011. Retrieved iv June 2012.
11. ^ "H2o, nature and people".
12. ^ Kim Jae-il, "Preservation of the Hangang's Ecology", Koreana 18:2 (Summer 2004).
13. ^ "Han River".
14. ^ Korea Water Resources Association: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-08-26. Retrieved 2007-10-01 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
15. ^ Yi and Kim, 24.
16. ^ "Three-Kingdom Era: Koreans bring civilization to Nippon". 25 November 2011.
17. ^ "Seoul mates render to Korea – 25 years later".
18. ^ North korea Opens Dam Flow, Sweeping Away 6 in the South New York Times
19. ^ "Hürriyet Daily News". Hürriyet Daily News.
20. ^ Reports, From Times Wire (25 July 2000). "U.S. Apologizes for Dumping Chemical" – via LA Times.
21. ^ ^{a b} "(Lead) Koreas begin joint waterway survey along western border". 5 November 2018.
22. ^ ^{a b} Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "2 Koreas begin joint waterway inspection on shared use of Hangang River Estuary". YouTube.
23. ^ "South and North launch articulation hydrographic survey of Han and Imjin estuaries".
24. ^ ^{a b} "Two Koreas Complete Articulation Waterway Survey of River Estuaries l KBS Globe Radio".
25. ^ Bak, Yongson (2011-05-04). "경기북부 연장 광역전철 '윤곽 잡혔다'". Yonhap News. Retrieved 7 Sep 2011.
26. ^ "Tunnel sees daylight" (Korean Newspaper). Korea Joogang Daily. Retrieved 11 May 2011.

Bibliography [edit]

• "Corea", 'Encyclopædia Britannica , 9th ed., Vol. Vi , New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, pp. 390–394 .

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Han River.

• Hangang Denizen's Park operated by Seoul Metropolitan Government
• Korea Times article on the river's modern history
• Brief History of Hangang (River)

Coordinates: 37°45′Due north 126°11′Eastward  /  37.750°N 126.183°E  / 37.750; 126.183

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)

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